Mitundu yoyera ya LEDNjira zazikulu zaukadaulo zowunikira LED yoyera ndi izi: ① LED yabuluu + mtundu wa phosphor; ②Mtundu wa LED wa RGB; ③ Ultraviolet LED + mtundu wa phosphor.

1. Kuwala kwabuluu - Chip ya LED + mtundu wa phosphor wachikasu-wobiriwira kuphatikiza ma phosphor derivatives amitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ina.

Chigawo cha phosphor chobiriwira chachikasu chimatenga gawo la kuwala kwabuluu kuchokera ku chip cha LED kuti chipange photoluminescence. Gawo lina la kuwala kwabuluu kuchokera ku chip cha LED limafalikira kudzera mu phosphor layer ndikulumikizana ndi kuwala kwachikasu-kobiriwira komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi phosphor pamalo osiyanasiyana mumlengalenga. Magetsi ofiira, obiriwira ndi abuluu amasakanikirana kuti apange kuwala koyera; Munjira iyi, mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa phosphor photoluminescence conversion efficiency, imodzi mwa external quantum efficiencies, sudzapitirira 75%; ndipo kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kuwala kuchokera ku chip kungafikire pafupifupi 70%. Chifukwa chake, mwa lingaliro, kuwala koyera kwamtundu wabuluu Mphamvu yayikulu ya kuwala kwa LED sidzapitirira 340 Lm/W. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, CREE idafika 303Lm/W. Ngati zotsatira za mayeso ndi zolondola, ndizoyenera kukondwerera.

2. Mitundu itatu yoyambirira yofiira, yobiriwira ndi yabuluuMitundu ya RGB LEDphatikizaniMitundu ya RGBW- LED, ndi zina zotero.

Ma LED a R-LED (ofiira) + G-LED (obiriwira) + B-LED (buluu) atatu otulutsa kuwala amaphatikizidwa pamodzi, ndipo mitundu itatu yayikulu ya kuwala kofiira, kobiriwira ndi buluu komwe kumatulutsidwa kumasakanikirana mwachindunji mumlengalenga kuti apange kuwala koyera. Kuti apange kuwala koyera kogwira ntchito bwino motere, choyamba, ma LED amitundu yosiyanasiyana, makamaka ma LED obiriwira, ayenera kukhala magwero abwino a kuwala. Izi zitha kuwoneka chifukwa chakuti kuwala kobiriwira kumakhala pafupifupi 69% ya "kuwala koyera kwa isoenergy". Pakadali pano, kuwala kwa ma LED abuluu ndi ofiira kwakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yamkati ya quantum imapitirira 90% ndi 95% motsatana, koma mphamvu yamkati ya quantum ya ma LED obiriwira ikutsalira kwambiri. Chodabwitsa ichi cha mphamvu yotsika ya kuwala kobiriwira kwa ma LED okhala ndi GaN chimatchedwa "gap ya kuwala kobiriwira." Chifukwa chachikulu ndikuti ma LED obiriwira sanapezebe zinthu zawo za epitaxial. Zipangizo zomwe zilipo za phosphorous arsenic nitride zili ndi mphamvu yochepa kwambiri mu spectrum yachikasu ndi yobiriwira. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zofiira kapena zabuluu za epitaxial popanga ma LED obiriwira kudzathandiza. Pansi pa mikhalidwe yotsika ya kachulukidwe ka magetsi, chifukwa palibe kutayika kwa kusintha kwa phosphor, LED yobiriwira imakhala ndi mphamvu yowala kwambiri kuposa kuwala kobiriwira kwa buluu + phosphor. Zanenedwa kuti mphamvu yake yowala imafika pa 291Lm/W pansi pa mkhalidwe wamakono wa 1mA. Komabe, mphamvu yowala ya kuwala kobiriwira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha Droop effect imatsika kwambiri pamafunde akuluakulu. Pamene kachulukidwe ka magetsi kakuwonjezeka, mphamvu yowala imatsika mofulumira. Pa mphamvu yamagetsi ya 350mA, mphamvu yowala ndi 108Lm/W. Pansi pa mikhalidwe ya 1A, mphamvu yowala imachepa kufika pa 66Lm/W.

Kwa ma phosfide a Gulu III, kutulutsa kuwala mu gulu lobiriwira kwakhala chopinga chachikulu pa machitidwe azinthu. Kusintha kapangidwe ka AlInGaP kuti itulutse zobiriwira m'malo mofiira, lalanje kapena chikasu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusungidwa kosakwanira kwa chonyamulira chifukwa cha kusiyana kochepa kwa mphamvu yazinthu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kubwezeretsanso bwino kwa radiative.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti ma III-nitride akwaniritse bwino ntchito yawo, koma zovuta zake sizingathetsedwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, kukulitsa kuwala ku bande lobiriwira, zinthu ziwiri zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa ntchito yawo ndi izi: kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya quantum yakunja ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya quantum yakunja kumachokera ku mfundo yakuti ngakhale kuti kusiyana kwa bande lobiriwira kuli kochepa, ma LED obiriwira amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi ya GaN, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu isinthe. Vuto lachiwiri ndilakuti LED yobiriwira imachepa pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ikuwonjezeka ndipo imagwidwa ndi mphamvu ya droop. Mphamvu ya Droop imapezekanso mu ma LED abuluu, koma mphamvu yake imakhala yayikulu mu ma LED obiriwira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yogwira ntchito ikhale yochepa. Komabe, pali malingaliro ambiri okhudza zomwe zimayambitsa mphamvu ya droop, osati kungobwerezabwereza kwa Auger - zimaphatikizapo kusokonezeka, kufalikira kwa carrier kapena kutayika kwa ma electron. Chomalizachi chimakulitsidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamkati yamagetsi yamphamvu.

Chifukwa chake, njira yowongolera mphamvu ya kuwala kwa ma LED obiriwira: kumbali imodzi, phunzirani momwe mungachepetsere mphamvu ya Droop pansi pa zinthu zomwe zilipo za epitaxial kuti muwongolere mphamvu ya kuwala; kumbali ina, gwiritsani ntchito kusintha kwa kuwala kwa ma LED abuluu ndi ma phosphor obiriwira kuti mutulutse kuwala kobiriwira. Njirayi ingapeze kuwala kobiriwira kogwira ntchito kwambiri, komwe mwachiphunzitso kumatha kupeza mphamvu ya kuwala kochuluka kuposa kuwala koyera komwe kulipo. Ndi kuwala kobiriwira kosakhazikika, ndipo kuchepa kwa kuyera kwa mitundu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa spectral sikuli bwino pazowonetsera, koma sikoyenera anthu wamba. Palibe vuto pakuwunika. Mphamvu ya kuwala kobiriwira yomwe imapezeka ndi njira iyi ili ndi kuthekera kokhala kopitilira 340 Lm/W, koma sidzapitirira 340 Lm/W mutaphatikiza ndi kuwala koyera. Chachitatu, pitirizani kufufuza ndikupeza zinthu zanu za epitaxial. Mwanjira iyi, pali chiyembekezo chochepa. Mwa kupeza kuwala kobiriwira komwe kuli kokwera kuposa 340 Lm/w, kuwala koyera komwe kumaphatikizidwa ndi ma LED atatu akuluakulu amitundu yofiira, yobiriwira ndi yabuluu kumatha kukhala kokwera kuposa malire a kuwala kwa 340 Lm/w kwa ma LED oyera amtundu wa buluu.

3. LED ya UltravioletChip + mitundu itatu ya phosphors imatulutsa kuwala.

Vuto lalikulu la mitundu iwiri ya ma LED oyera pamwambapa ndi kufalikira kosagwirizana kwa kuwala ndi chromaticity. Kuwala kwa ultraviolet sikungawoneke ndi maso a munthu. Chifukwa chake, kuwala kwa ultraviolet kukatuluka mu chip, kumatengedwa ndi ma phosphor atatu amitundu yayikulu mu paketi, ndipo kumasanduka kuwala koyera ndi kuwala kwa phosphor, kenako kumatulutsidwa mumlengalenga. Uwu ndiye ubwino wake waukulu, monga nyali zachikhalidwe za fluorescent, sizikhala ndi kusiyana kwa mitundu ya malo. Komabe, mphamvu ya kuwala kwa ultraviolet chip yoyera ya LED sikungakhale yokwera kuposa mtengo wa ultraviolet wa kuwala koyera kwa blue chip, osatchulanso mtengo wa RGB yoyera. Komabe, kudzera mu chitukuko cha ma phosphor atatu amitundu yoyambirira oyenerera kusangalatsa ultraviolet ndi pomwe tingapeze ma LED oyera a ultraviolet omwe ali pafupi kapena ogwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa ma LED awiri oyera pamwambapa pagawoli. Ma LED a ultraviolet abuluu akayandikira, ndipamenenso amakhala othekera kwambiri. Akakula, ma LED oyera a UV amtundu wa mafunde apakati ndi mafunde afupi sangatheke.